Want to write a screenplay that captivates Hollywood? Learn the essential techniques and formatting rules that professional screenwriters use. This comprehensive guide will take you from concept to final draft. Start with our free screenplay formatter to ensure your script follows industry standards, and check out our detailed formatting guide for professional tips. For additional resources, visit the WGA Writers Room and Academy Nicholl Fellowship programs.
Table of Contents
1. The Basics of Screenwriting
Key Elements of a Screenplay
Before diving into the writing process, make sure you understand the proper screenplay format. This will help you focus on storytelling rather than technical details. For in-depth screenwriting education, check out resources from USC's Writing for Screen & Television program and NYU Tisch's Dramatic Writing.
| Element | Purpose | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Slug Line | Sets the scene location and time | INT. COFFEE SHOP - DAY |
| Action Lines | Describes what's happening | John enters, brushing snow from his coat. |
| Character Names | Identifies who's speaking | JOHN |
| Dialogue | Shows what characters say | I've been waiting for this moment. |
| Transitions | Indicates scene changes | CUT TO: |
2. Proper Screenplay Format
Page Layout
- 8.5 x 11 inch page
- 1-inch margins (except left: 1.5 inches)
- 12-point Courier font
- Proper spacing and indentation
Scene Headings
- Always in CAPS
- Include INT./EXT.
- Location and time of day
- No bold or underlining
3. Story Structure
The Three-Act Structure
- Act 1 (Setup - Pages 1-30)
- Introduce main characters
- Establish the world
- Present the inciting incident
- Act 2 (Confrontation - Pages 31-90)
- Develop conflicts
- Raise the stakes
- Build to midpoint twist
- Act 3 (Resolution - Pages 91-120)
- Climactic sequence
- Resolution
- Character transformation
4. Character Development
Character Elements
- Clear goals and motivations
- Distinct personality traits
- Compelling backstory
- Character arc
Character Dynamics
- Relationships
- Conflicts
- Growth opportunities
- Stakes
5. Writing Effective Dialogue
Dialogue Do's
- Keep it concise
- Show character personality
- Advance the plot
- Create subtext
Dialogue Don'ts
- Avoid exposition dumps
- Don't be too on-the-nose
- Skip unnecessary small talk
- Avoid overusing names
6. Scene Construction
Scene Elements
| Element | Purpose | Tips |
|---|---|---|
| Opening | Hook the reader | Start with action or intrigue |
| Conflict | Drive the scene | Every scene needs tension |
| Pacing | Control rhythm | Vary sentence length |
| Resolution | Move story forward | Lead to next scene |
7. Essential Tools and Software
Recommended Software
- Screenplay Format - Our free online formatter
- Professional software (see our software comparison guide)
- Fade In (official site)
- WriterDuet (features)
- Celtx (pricing)